Excel Formulas and Functions: 100+ Functions Explained with Examples

FREE COURSE · MODULE 5 OF 12

Every Excel function on this site, on one page. 100+ functions grouped by category, each linking to its own lesson with syntax, arguments, a worked example and a screenshot. Start with the twelve most-used functions below, then explore by category.

📚 102 function pages🔎 7 categories🧮 Worked example on every page🎓 Beginner to advanced

Start with VLOOKUP →Watch function videos

Start here: the 12 functions everyone needs

All functions by category

Click any function for its full lesson. Functions are listed alphabetically inside each category.

Lookup & Reference functions (16)

ADDRESS AREAS CHOOSE COLUMN COLUMNS HLOOKUP HYPERLINK INDEX INDIRECT LOOKUP MATCH OFFSET ROW ROWS TRANSPOSE VLOOKUP

Text functions (29)

BAHTTEXT CHAR CLEAN CODE CONCAT CONCATENATE DOLLAR EXACT FIND FIXED LEFT LEN LOWER MID NUMBERVALUE PROPER REPLACE REPT RIGHT SEARCH SUBSTITUTE T TEXT TEXTJOIN TRIM UNICHAR UNICODE UPPER VALUE

Date & Time functions (24)

DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAY DAYS DAYS360 EDATE EOMONTH HOUR MINUTE MONTH NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOW SECOND TIME TIMEVALUE TODAY WEEKDAY WEEKNUM WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL YEAR YEARFRAC

Math & Statistical functions (6)

AVERAGEIF COUNTIF COUNTIFS SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT

Logical functions (10)

AND FALSE IF IFERROR IFNA IFS NOT OR SWITCH TRUE

Information functions (15)

CELL ERROR.TYPE INFO ISBLANK ISERR ISERROR ISLOGICAL ISNA ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISREF ISTEXT N NA TYPE

Financial functions (2)

ACCRINT PMT

Newer functions: XLOOKUP, FILTER, UNIQUE, SORT, LET and LAMBDA are covered in the Excel tips and tricks category, and Power Query and DAX in the Power Pivot section.

How to learn formulas quickly

  1. Learn the lookup pair first. VLOOKUP, then INDEX with MATCH. Half of all real-world formula questions are lookups.
  2. Add conditions. SUMIFS, COUNTIFS and AVERAGEIF replace most pivot-table style summaries when you need them inside a report.
  3. Handle errors. Wrap lookups in IFERROR or IFNA so a missing value does not break a sheet.
  4. Clean text. TRIM, LEFT, MID, RIGHT, FIND and SUBSTITUTE fix most imported data.
  5. Master dates. EOMONTH, EDATE, NETWORKDAYS and DATEDIF cover ageing, deadlines and month-end reporting.

See these formulas inside real dashboards

Every Excel dashboard on NextGenTemplates is built with the functions on this page. Open one, click a cell and read the formula bar to learn faster.

Browse Excel dashboards →

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a formula and a function?

A formula is anything you type after the equals sign, for example =A1*2. A function is a built-in named operation such as SUM or VLOOKUP that you use inside a formula.

Should I learn VLOOKUP or XLOOKUP?

Both. VLOOKUP is in every version of Excel and in millions of existing workbooks. XLOOKUP (Excel 2021 and Microsoft 365) is simpler and can look left. Learn VLOOKUP first, then INDEX MATCH, then XLOOKUP.

Why does my formula show #N/A?

The lookup value was not found. Check for extra spaces (use TRIM), numbers stored as text (use VALUE) and the exact-match argument. Wrap the formula in IFERROR to show a friendly message.

Do these functions work in Google Sheets?

Almost all of them. Google Sheets uses the same names and arguments for VLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH, SUMIFS, TEXT and the date functions.

Continue the learning path